The exploits of Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882) in the three Italian Wars of Independence during the Risorgimento are well known to all. "Here we make Italy, or we die." This famous phrase, spoken by the Italian general and politician, has become a part of history, much like his image as a leader—gruff and humble, yet noble in spirit and courageous on the battlefield.  

Not everyone knows that, beyond earning the title "Hero of Two Worlds" for his service in Uruguay and his near involvement in the American Civil War, Garibaldi also accepted the call to fight for another nation: France. While revered as a national hero, he was never fully embraced by the governing elite of the newly unified Italy and was gradually sidelined in the later years of his life and career. However, Garibaldi never ceased to offer his sword wherever it could bring freedom to oppressed peoples suffering under authoritarian rule.  

After the fall of Napoleon III’s Second French Empire at the Battle of Sedan in 1870 against Prussia, the newly established Third French Republic chose to continue the Franco-Prussian War. Facing a dire military situation, the French government placed some of its hopes in an aging Italian general who had been pushed to the margins of political life in his own country—Garibaldi.  

Despite being nearly seventy, wounded, and far from his prime, the legendary Redshirt did not hesitate to answer the call to arms of a republic fighting against an empire. Arriving in France with a group of Italian volunteers—including his son, Domenico Garibaldi—he took command of an Italo-French contingent that fought in the Battle of Dijon for control of the city.  

After the Prussians initially abandoned Dijon, Garibaldi swiftly organized its defenses, successfully repelling the besieging forces. Remarkably, he was the only French commander to capture a Prussian flag and secure a clear victory. He not only defended the city but also ensured the safe return of his men. Even Victor Hugo himself praised his heroism.