ARTICLE OF THE DAY

22/10/2026

L'esordio della leggenda

Tolone 1793: quando Napoleone Bonaparte smise di essere un ufficiale qualunque

Napoleone Bonaparte durante l'assedio di Tolone - Wikimedia

In December 1793, smoke covered the port of Toulon. The French batteries thunder, but the English ships are still there, protected by the forts. But there is a young 24-year-old officer there, Napoleon Bonaparte.
Revolutionary France is in danger. After the fall of the monarchy, the country is surrounded by enemies and riven by internal revolts. Toulon is the most critical point. The city has rebelled against the Convention and handed over the port to the British fleet, also supported by the Spanish and Neapolitans. It is a terrible blow, as Toulon is one of the main French arsenals in the Mediterranean. Retaking it is vital.
When Napoleon arrives, the situation is chaotic. He sees something that others ignore. It's not the city that needs to be attacked; the hills controlling the port must be taken. If those positions fall, the enemy fleet will be forced to retreat. Napoleon reorganises the artillery and calculates trajectories, transforming a disordered collection of guns into a coordinated system. He gives the positions names: "Jacobin Battery" and "Convention Battery." The key point is the fort called "Little Gibraltar." If that falls, everything falls. The decisive assault comes on the night between December 17 and 18, 1793. Napoleon is on the front lines and is wounded in the thigh by a bayonet, but the position is taken and, with it, the fate of the battle. Once the batteries are positioned on the conquered heights, the port becomes untenable. The English ships are under direct fire. Remaining means being destroyed, so the fleet retreats. Toulon returns to the French.
The victory is military, but for Napoleon it is something more: it is a debut. In Toulon, he demonstrated three things that would define him forever: strategic vision, quick decision-making, and decisive use of artillery. He was promoted immediately and became a brigadier general at the age of 24. The rest is history.



Bibliography:

A. Roberts, Napoleon: A Life, Penguin Books, 2015.

Author:

Diego Monaci

Publication date:
22/10/2026
Translator:
Paola Manunta