Erling Skjalgsson (975-1028) was a Norwegian politician and reformer whose story is chronicled in the compositions of the Icelandic skald Sigvatr Þórðarson: Erlingsflokkr and Sigvatr kvad um Erling (11th century), later incorporated by Snorri Sturluson in the Saga of Olaf the Holy. He is renowned for advocating the old Norwegian political system, which revolved around local autonomies and their assemblies, known as Things (Norwegian: *þing*), and for upholding the ancient pagan religion. This political stance stood in stark contrast to the centralization of power initiated by Harald I and continued by his successors. 

Born in the Rogaland district, Erling quickly rose in prominence, partly due to a strategic marriage alliance between his sister and Sigurd Toresson, an influential political figure in the region and brother of Tore Hund. This alliance secured Erling a prominent role in the regional Thing and, later, through his marriage to King Olaf I's sister, integrated him into the royal family. This union led to his baptism and the bestowal of lands in Sognefjord and Lindesnes by King Olaf I in 996, granting him both governance rights and a significant role in Norway's decision-making alongside the king.

Erling's influence grew further in 1000, following King Olaf I's death, as the absence of a monarch allowed jarls like him to wield considerable power. However, this dynamic shifted in 1015 with the ascension of Olaf II, who reasserted royal authority, curbing regional autonomy. Despite their strained relationship, Olaf II needed Erling's influence, leading to ongoing tensions. Matters escalated in 1022 when Erling, with 1,000 men, compelled the king to release his imprisoned nephew. Subsequently, Erling fled to England, finding protection under King Canute I, who supported his return to challenge Olaf in 1028. 

Erling, however, was captured and killed by one of Olaf's men against the king's orders. "You fool! Your act will cost me Norway!" exclaimed the king, fearing a rebellion due to Erling's immense popularity. His fears were realized shortly after, as Olaf was overthrown and killed by Erling's ally and supporter, Thorir "the Hound."